This paper explores whether natural resource abundance leads to slower growth rates. We distinguish between natural resource dependence (RD) and natural resource endowment (RE). We estimate two models, using World Bank data on national capital stocks. In a one-equation model we show that RD has...

Homeland security against possible terrorist attacks involves making decisions under true uncertainty. Not only are we ignorant of the form, place, and time of potential terrorist attacks, we are also largely ignorant of the likelihood of these attacks. In this paper, we conceptualize homeland...

Protecting against terrorist attacks requires making decisions in a world in which attack probabilities are largely unknown. The potential for very large losses encourages a conservative perspective, in particular toward decisions that are robust. But robustness, in the sense of assurance...