There are many approaches for estimating an integrated variance and covariance in the presence of market microstructure noise. It is important to know a dependence of noise to construct the integrated variance and covariance estimators. We study a time dependence of bivariate noise processes in...

The cumulative covariance estimator in Hayashi and Yoshida (2005) which suits for non-synchronous observations possibly has a bias in the presence of the observational noise. We propose the test statistic to detect whether the observational noise causes a measurable bias in the estimator of...

The cumulative covariance estimator in Hayashi and Yoshida (2005b) which suits for non-synchronous observations possibly has a bias in the presence of the observational noise. We propose the test statistic to detect whether the observational noise causes a measurable bias in the estimator of...

This paper proposes new test statistics for the dependence and cross and auto covariance estimators of bivariate noise processes. It derives their asymptotic distributions and provides additional tests for the statistical significance of covariance estimators. Monte Carlo simulation shows that...

For the linear hypothesis in a strucural equation model, the properties of test statistics based on the two stage least squares estimator (2SLSE) have been examined since these test statistics are easily derived in the instrumental variable estimation framework. Savin (1976) has shown that...

We propose a new method for approximating the expected quadratic variation of an asset based on its option prices. The quadratic variation of an asset price is often regarded as a measure of its volatility, and its expected value under pricing measure can be understood as the market's...

This study provides new evidence of nonlinearities in the dynamics of volatility expectations during financial crises using Markov regime-switching models of model-free volatility indices. The regimes of changes in implied volatility in international financial markets are defined as function of...

The aim of this study is to develop a bias-correction method for realized variance (RV) estimation, where the equilibrium price process is contaminated with market microstructure noise, such as bid–ask bounces and price-change discreteness. Although RV constitutes the simplest estimator of...