[fre] Depuis la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, le développement des États-Unis a profondément marqué la croissance mondiale. Non seulement il a servi d'exemple dans la plupart des pays industriels; mais encore il y a influencé directement de nombreuses décisions pour lesquelles...

[eng] The cities of Hong-Kong and Singapore, of british origin and Chinese population, enjoy a standard of living comparable to that of southern Europe. They have both experimented an exceptionally fast growth over the past twenty years within opposite social and political frames : liberalism in...

[fre] L'ampleur des contraintes extérieures pesant sur les zones dites « en voie de développement » fait de leur desserrement une condition nécessaire, mais non suffisante, à toute croissance économique d'ici la fin de la décennie dans des pays qui, par choix ou par nécessité, se sont...

[eng] As OPEC surpluses might have been volatile, their recycling was initiallly considered as difficult. But 40 % of these funds were invested in industrialised countries, predominantly in the United States (half of this subtotal). An equal amount was turned to short-term bank deposits which...

[eng] European economies have been diversely hit by the shocks of the past ten years owing to structural differences. Initial reactions resulted in a great variety of economic policies. More recently, external constraints have induced adjustment policies in all countries. The process is unevenly...

[fre] Les grandes lignes du scénario d'environnement international qui sous-tend cette projection sont les suivantes. Le prix du pétrole en dollar s'accroîtrait pour rejoindre son niveau d'équilibre à la fin de la décennie. La stratégie de rétablissement de la part du marché pétrolier...

[eng] At the end of July, most industrialised countries were already on the path of a downturn. Japan and Germany were exceptions in that respect : a slowdown was only anticipated at the beginning of 1991, when the exceptional stimulus to their internal demands would have faded. In many european...

[eng] Measured in dollars, the Japanese current account surplus started to decline in 1989. But this is misleading : the actual reversal of the trend started in 1987, when this surplus, measured in yen, started to decline. This is due to a contraction of the trade balance which appears in every...