In this paper, we consider an inventory–routing problem (IRP) in a large petroleum and petrochemical enterprise group. Compared to many other IRPs, the problem in this paper includes some special aspects due to the operational constraints, such as hours-of-service regulations of the company...

The paper reviews the Chinese policies on promoting building-integrated solar water heaters (SWHs) in urbanized areas and the corresponding experiences in implementing city-level demonstration programs using the Changjiang River (CJR) region as a study area. The progress of implementation,...

Packing non-identical circles inside a rectangle witnesses a wide range of industrial applications. However, the non-convex constraints in this problem make it intractable using exact analytical approaches. Even via heuristic methods, the solution time for industrial-scale instances sometimes is...

During the past 5 years, the Chinese government has organized and implemented a large-scale energy-efficiency retrofit program for existing residential buildings in China׳s northern heating region. However, many obstacles, especially lack of successful financing arrangements, have limited the...

With the increasing building energy consumption, the improvement of building energy efficiency (BEE) becomes a key part of the reduction of energy intensity in the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period (during 2006 and 2010) in China. For this reason, the China central government has enforced and...

The Chinese central government released a document to initiate a task of energy efficiency supervision system construction for government office buildings and large-scale public buildings in 2007, which marks the overall start of existing buildings energy efficiency management in China with the...

This paper discusses energy consumption, building development and building energy consumption in China, and points that energy efficiency management and maintenance of large-scale public buildings is the breakthrough point of building energy saving in China. Three obstacles are lack of basic...

The building area in northern heating areas accounting for 70% of the total land area in China is 6,500,000,000 m2. The average heating energy consumption in northern China is 100-200% times more than developed countries in the same latitude. This paper introduced firstly the heat metering...

According to statistics and field investigation, the energy consumption situation and reality of commercial building is described in this paper. As the first step of large-scale public building energy efficiency supervision system encouraged by central government of China, the energy consumption...