This paper elucidates hysteresis using a simple model of market entry and exit. A procedure for calculating hysteresis indices for economic time series is outlined. Some preliminary results assess the explanatory power of hysteresis variables in determining the equilibrium rate of unemployment...

This article examines recent developments in household balance sheets using disaggregated data from an annual survey carried out by NMG Consulting on behalf of the Bank. The survey indicates that household debt levels remain well above historical averages, but are little changed since last year....

There is a presumption in the literature that price or exchange rate uncertainty, or uncertainty in the monetary conditions underlying them, will have a negative effect on investment. Some argue that this negative effect will be extended by imperfect competition. However, models of...

This paper contains a new convergence theorem for Gauss-Seidel (SOR) iterations for an arbitrary equation system. We use that theorem to show how to reorder equations and to extend their radius of convergence. It is not generally optimal to minimise the number or size of the above diagonal...

The theory of optimal currency areas states that a single currency zone should have symmetry of shocks and structures across regions. Research on monetary union in Europe has either assumed these conditions to hold close enough not to cause problems, or has focussed on asymmetries in shocks. But...

This paper describes how the Preisach model, with its superposition of hysteresis play operators, can be applied to economic systems. At the micro level economic agents, because of fixed or sunk costs of adjustment, adjust discontinuously to changes in state variables and have different trigger...