This paper considers the valuation of a spread call when asset prices are log-normal. The implicit strategy of the Kirk formula is to exercise if the price of the long asset exceeds a given power function of the price of the short asset. We derive a formula for the spread call value, conditional...

This paper considers the valuation of a spread call when asset prices are lognormal. The implicit strategy of the Kirk formula is to exercise if the price of the long asset exceeds a given power function of the price of the short asset. We derive a formula for the spread call value, conditional...

A flexible load contract is a type of swing option where the holder has the right to receive a given quantity of electricity within a specified period, at a fixed maximum effect (delivery rate). The contract is flexible, in the sense that delivery (the take hours) is called one day in advance....

The existence of a financial gas market motivates the analysis of gas storage as a separate asset, using the market value context for utilization and valuation. In the recent literature, gas storage is typically analysed within a framework with a simple one-factor price dynamics that is solved...

This paper presents a closed-form approximation of the value of the finite-lived American option where the underlying asset provides a constant pay-out rate. It is derived by imposing a restriction on the set of feasible exercise strategies, and thus represents a lower bound to the option value....

Off the coast of Norway is a huge, undeveloped petroleum reservoir. The exploitation of this resource is a challenge to the oil industry both because of its specific reservoir geology and its deep water location. One of the decisions that must be made regarding this field is the choice of the...

A number of problems arise when dynamic programming is applied to investment problems. Attempts have been made to circumvent these problems by using continuous time models where the state process is generated by a stochastic differential equation. In this article, the authors assume that the...