In this paper, the demand for beer, wine, spirits and soft drinks in Ontario is modeled in two parts: an equation is specified to endogenize group expenditures and a demand system is set up to allocate budgeted group expenditures across ,types of beverages. Advertising is allowed to influence...

Price-equivalent import tariffs and quotas are compared when domestic production is controlled by a monopolist, say an agricultural marketing board with the power to restrict domestic supply, under endogenous terms of trade. Welfare comparisons boil down to sourcing costs comparisons. Quotas...

Trade theorists have demonstrated that different trade policy instruments have different effects on the quality and source of imports. Countervailing duties (CVDs), like specific tariffs, should induce quality upgrading. However, the magnitude and timing of the quality adjustments are influenced...

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Abstract Currently Unavailable.

Multilateral negotiations on agriculture in the WTO are making very little progress as developed economies are reluctant to bind trade-distorting domestic support and import tariffs at levels acceptable to developing countries. This paper presents the basic Bagwell-Staiger framework as it...

Unification of the black and official exchange rates and increasing the rate of crawl of the official rate are the competing prescriptions to reduce inefficiencies caused by the black market premia. Pinto (1991) showed that the removal of implicit export taxes could force governments to raise...

The article analyzes production and marketing lags in agri-food supply chains that force competitive producers and processors to commit to output targets before prices and exchange rates are realized. We show that export markets act as put options for exporters and an increase in the volatility...

This paper aims to study the impact of growth and trade openness on the environment at the regional level. We find support for the environmental Kuznet Curve hypothesis for CO2 emissions in Africa, Asia and OECD countries. We find that the pollution haven hypothesis is supported for CO2 in...