The No Child Left Behind initiative places pressure on school districts to be accountable for the performance of their students. Though an imperfect measure, student performance is most frequently measured through the use of standardized test scores. Research has shown that a value added...

The common view of tourism is that it brings a region mostly benefits with few additional costs. However, as Wong (1996) points out, increased tourism in a region frequently means increased governmental costs for such items as highways, police and fire protection, perhaps parks and recreation....

A dual representation of a technology, e.g., a cost function, may not contain all of the technological information, but it will contain all of the information about input vectors that would be chosen by a cost-minimizing firm. At least this much is clear for deterministic technologies. The main...