The authors analyze the tax system in China, where reforms designed to move the economic system toward a market economy have been occurring for more than a decade. The authors characterize the comprehensive changes in the tax system that could be undertaken in the presence of system-wide reform,...

To explore the extent to which patterns of police misconduct, particularly residual career length (RCL) and residual number of offenses (RNO), change over time in theoretically expected ways, and to determine whether such career features can adequately predict future misconduct when compared to...

This study explored varying patterns of police problem behaviors as officers gain experience. The policing literature offered little guidance for exploring problem behaviors over the course of officers' careers; therefore, the criminal career paradigm was employed as a means for framing and...

The global economic crisis of 2008–09 was transmitted to the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Mongolia through the decline in prices of commodity exports and a slowdown in destination countries—principally the Russian Federation—which buy their exports and employ migrant workers....

Inequality in South Asia appears to be moderate when looking at standard indicators such as the Gini index, which are based on consumption expenditures per capita. But other pieces of evidence reveal enormous gaps, from extravagant wealth at one end to lack of access to the most basic services...