The method of instrumental variables (IV) and the generalized method of moments (GMM), and their applications to the estimation of errors-in-variables and simultaneous equations models in econometrics, require data on a sufficient number of instrumental variables that are both exogenous and...

This article extends the literature on time series estimation of U.S. consumer demand by presenting a coherent theoretical structure with a multi-period planning horizon for consumer choice and a more general treatment of the aggregation problem that allows the possibility that consumers' tastes...

Causality tests developed by Sims and Granger are fatally flawed for several reasons First, when two variables, X and Y, are uncorrelated, X has no linear predictive value for Y, but X,and Y may be nonlinearly related unless they are statistically Independent, In which case X and Y are not...