Branding is about delivering on desired outcomes. The importance of positioning program offerings on the basis of outcomes sought in the education market is illustrated in this study of choice of an MBA program by prospective students. MBA fair attendees were surveyed and multiple methods were...

Purpose: The aim of the research is to identify whether product country image influences consumption patterns and purchase decisions of Romanian consumers, as well as to identify stereotypes regarding foreign products. Furthermore, the study aims to provide clear evidence regarding Romanian...

Despite overstated claims of their ‘global’ homogeneity, ubiquity and contribution to ‘flattening’ spatial differences, the geographies of brands and branding actually do matter. This vibrant collection provides a comprehensive reference point for the emergent area of...

Language intricately interweaves with culture. Acquiring another language provides the tools for interpreting that culture's values and rules guiding social engagement. Hundreds of millions of consumers are currently learning and using English as a second (or third, etc.) tongue. To what extent...

This research applies the personality metaphor to examine the U.S. brand personality in China. Results indicate that the U.S. brand personality is a multidimensional construct composed of three main dimensions: amicableness, resourcefulness, and self-centeredness. An overall view indicates that...

The article first reviews the title field, by tracing its evolution from the original notion of "made-in images" of the 1960s to the broader "product-place associations" of the 1990s and today’s "place branding", and then, based on studies by the authors and their associates, examines key...

Questo studio propone un modello di ricerca finalizzato ad indagare la relazione esistente tra le diverse componenti dell’immagine Paese - valutate a livello generale (general country image) e con riferimento agli attributi turistici (tourism destination image) e alle produzioni nazionali...

The importance of establishing equivalence in measurement prior to conducting substantive cross-country comparisons has long been emphasized in international business research. However, all approaches currently available for the investigation of measurement equivalence or invariance (ME/I)...

Free zones are a widespread but little understood phenomenon in international trade today. Ranging from free trade zones in Panama and the United States to export processing zones in Taiwan and Ireland, their number has mushroomed to more than 500 worldwide and is likely to increase further....

The study investigates for the first time the relationship between internationalization and export performance in a comprehensive model. Drawing on the literature on internationalization as an incremental process and on export performance, we connect these important areas of research using a...