Junius and Oosterhaven (2003) present a RAS matrix balancing variant that can incorporate negative elements in the balancing. There are, however, a couple of issues in the approach described - the first being the handling of zeros in the initial estimate, and the second being the formulation of...

We have developed a generalised iterative scaling method (KRAS) that is able to balance and reconcile input-output tables and SAMs under conflicting external information and inconsistent constraints. Like earlier RAS variants, KRAS can: (a) handle constraints on arbitrarily sized and shaped...

Medical innovations, in the form of new medication or other clinical practices, evolve and spread through health care systems, impacting on the quality and standards of health care provision, which is demonstrably heterogeneous by geography. Our aim is to investigate the potential for the...

International trade has an impact on national COSUB align=rightSMALL2/SMALL/SUB emissions and consequently on the ability to fulfil national COSUB align=rightSMALL2/SMALL/SUB reduction targets. Through goods and services traded in a globally interdependent world, the consumption in each country...

In order to achieve equitable reduction targets, international trade has to be taken into account when assessing nations' responsibility for abating climate change. Especially for open economies such as Denmark, greenhouse gases embodied in internationally traded commodities can have a...

In order to evaluate the relation between the consumption pattern of various household types and their CO2 requirements, we combine input-output tables energy flow matrices, CO2 emissions factors, and national consumer survey statistics into an integrated modelling framework, and relate...

A static, generalized input-output framework for calculating simple multipliers is presented for Australian data. In this framework, capital investment and imports are internalized into domestic inter-industrial intermediate demand, non-square matrices are introduced in order to enable the...