This paper identifies the information that economic evaluation should provide to adequately inform policy-makers. First, policy-makers need cost-effectiveness information that is both internally and externally valid. The latter aspect is often ignored and refers to the relevance of the results...

Theoretically it can be proven that an optimal allocation of resources within a constrained budget can be reached by considering cost-effectiveness ratios (CERs). In this paper, the complex priority setting process regarding compatible and incompatible alternatives of medical interventions is...

<Emphasis Type="Bold">Background: When national pharmacoeconomic guidelines are compared, different recommendations are identified on how to identify, measure and value lost productivity, leading to difficulties when comparing lost productivity estimates across countries. From a transferability point of view, the...</emphasis>

This study evaluates the quality of economic evaluations of interventions to reduce tobacco consumption. First, the general characteristics of the studies are described, then the quality of epidemiological characteristics are analyzed. The analysis finds that the quality of many aspects of...

Objective To estimate the costs and effects of alternative strategies for annual screening of school children for refractive errors, and the provision of spectacles, in different WHO sub-regions in Africa, Asia, America and Europe.Methods We developed a mathematical simulation model for...