Two alternative functional forms of the demand for money that focus on how an economy as a whole adjusts its cash balances have been discussed in the literature. One functional form is obtained by regarding the money supply as exogenous and the price level as endogenous and the other by...

The causes of the "great inflation" of the sixteenth century have long been the subject of controversy. Since some major work in the 1930s, historians have argued over a "monetary" and a "real" interpretation. What we show in this paper is, first, that there was a dissenting opinion even then;...

This major Handbook consists of 29 contributions that explore the full range of exciting and interesting work on money and finance currently taking place within heterodox economics. There are many themes and facets of alternative monetary and financial economics but two major ones can be identified.

This essay looks at the foundation and development of the U.S. Federal Reserve and the Bank of England through the perspective of the recent debate over central bank independence in the design of optimal monetary policy. It shows that the creators of the Federal Reserve were acutely aware that...

This paper investigates the relationship between credit risk and liquidity components in the interbank spread and how this relationship unfolded during the recent financial crisis. We find that prior to the central bank’s Bank of England’s intervention counterpart risk was a major factor in...

In the course of the last year or so, the Bank of England has come under pressure to raise interest rates on the grounds that a ‘lax’ monetary policy in the face of persistent overshoots of the inflation target risks undermining the Bank’s hard-won credibility. Using the Bayesian as well...

The few papers that explore different ways to measure shipping freight dynamics have differed in their interpretation of the most suitable measure for conditional freight volatility and consequently for the most appropriate freight risk measure. Furthermore, recent empirical work in maritime...

This essay looks at the foundation and development of the US Federal Reserve and the Bank of England, through the perspective of the recent debate over central bank independence in the design of optimal monetary policy. It shows that the creators of the Federal Reserve were acutely aware that...