The concept of common factors has in the econometrics literature been applied to conditional means or in some cases to conditional variances. In this paper we generalize this concept to bivariate distributions. This is done using the conditional bivariate copula as the statistical tool. The...

The cost functions used to form forecasts in practice may be quite different than the squared costs that is often assumed in forecast theory. The impact on evaluation procedures is determined and simple properties for the derivate of the cost function of the errors are found to provide simple...

Possibly hitherto unnoticed cointegrating relationships among integrated components of data series are identified. If the components are cointegrated, the data are said to have hidden cointegration. The implication of hidden cointegration on modeling data series themselves is discussed through...

In this paper we compare the relative efficiency of different methods of forecasting the aggregate of spatially correlated variables. Small sample simulations confirm the asymptotic result that improved forecasting performance can be obtained by imposing a priori constraints on the amount of...

Dominant properties of various kinds can be defined for distributions including trends, strong seasonality, business cycles, and a persistent component. We say that in the joint distribution of X and Y, conditional on W has a common factor if W is a dominant component, but it does not appear in...

This paper introduces a new type of nonlinear model, the min-max model, and analyzes the properties for a pair of series. Stability conditions of this system are given for the nonlinearly integrated bivariate series. Under these stability conditions, the difference of the two series has a...

This is the speech that Professor Granger gave at Nobel Prize Awards 2004

This paper shows that a linear process with breaks can mimic autocorrelations and other properties of I(d) processes, where d can be a fraction. Simulation results show that S&P 500 absolute stock returns are more likely to show the "long memory" property because of the presence of breaks in the...