In their article in this journal, James, Solberg and Wolfson (1999) challenge our findings that two states are more likely to have peaceful relations if they are both democratic. They claim to develop a simultaneous system of two equations showing that peace and democracy foster each other, and...

Immanuel Kant believed that democracy, economic interdependence, and international law and organizations could establish the foundations for “perpetual peace.” Our analyses of politically relevant dyads show that each of the three elements of the Kantian peace makes a statistically...

We consider the influence of countries' external security environments on their military spending. We first estimate the <italic>ex ante</italic> probability that a country will become involved in a fatal militarized interstate dispute using a model of dyadic conflict that incorporates key elements of liberal...

This paper puts forward an action-reaction model of the interaction between civil conflict and state coercion in nations undergoing dependent development. Using graphical techniques and dynamic analysis of difference equations, the conflict-coercion relationship is explored analytically and its...

Various psychoactive substances including illicit drugs, psychiatric medications, and adult beverages (alcohol and coffee) are commonly consumed by individuals who formulate and carry out foreign policy decisions. The effects of these agents warrant both further study and greater appreciation to...

Jim Ray and others in this issue question customary procedures for the quantitative analysis of theoretically complex questions in the social sciences. In this article we address Ray's use of research on the Kantian peace to illustrate his points. We discuss his five guidelines for research,...

The classical liberals believed that democracy and free trade would reduce the incidence of war. Here we conduct new tests of the `democratic peace', incorporating into the analyses of Maoz & Russett (1993) a measure of economic interdependence based on the economic importance of bilateral...