The Kyoto Protocol agreed on in 1997 allows some flexibility for developed countries in their implementations of their commitments to reduce emissions of CO<INF>2</INF> and other global warming gases. In particular developed countries may receive emission credits for facilitating international cooperation...</inf>

For developing countries that consume coal as their primary energy source, the method of desulfurization is a major issue. We installed experimental biocoal briquette production machines as a simple, inexpensive technology for desulfurization in China. Biocoal briquettes are a high-pressured...

Environmental management requires, among other things, the incorporation of environmentally friendly technologies into production processes of environmentally friendly technologies into production processes at the producer level and the adoption of energy consumption patterns which save energy...

One of the important public policy issues in science and technology is to ascertain if and how firms' investments in research and development (R&D) contribute to technical progress at firm and industry levels. Griliches (1979) made a pioneering contribution to our understanding of economic...

There is policy interest in factoring productivity growth into technical progress and returns to scale components. Our approach uses exact index number methods to reduce the parameters that must be estimated, and allows us to exploit the cross-sectional dimension of plant-level panel data. We...

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In the past decade the share of cooperative R&D has increased. In this paper, using a case study of the forest industry in Canada, the antecedents of cooperative R&D and the forms it take are investigated. We show how market failures are corrected in the industry largely through industry wide...