The relationships between leak geometry and detectability are explored with a distinction between steady- and unsteady-state based techniques. Various criteria to evaluate the size and detectability of a leak are first discussed. These criteria can be useful for the benchmarking and the...

As a pre-requisite for optimal urban water resource management, the challenge of devising a comprehensive evaluation method of urban water resource utilization has for years caught the attention of researchers and stakeholders. Yet, even when dealing with the complicated water resource...

This paper develops a multi-objective optimization approach for incorporating the conditional probability of fire flow failure into the design of branched water networks. To this end, a new analytical probabilistic model was developed to quantify the conditional probability of fire flow failure...

Panama recently enacted a new law, which aims to promote wind energy by mandating long term power purchase tenders. The implications of this new law lend some uncertainty to Panama׳s electricity development pathway. This paper quantitatively analyzes the current status of power generation in...

Niagara Falls and the Niagara River have always attracted great public interest due to their natural beauty, their enormous potential for electricity generation, their recreational value and as an important ecosystem. There have been simultaneous efforts to preserve this unique natural wonder...

This paper examines impacts of regional factors affecting biomass and process input supply chains and ongoing technology development on the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of ethanol production from corn stover in the U.S. Corn stover supply results in GHG emissions from −6...

The inclusion of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions costs in energy systems investment decision-making requires the development of a framework that accounts for GHG and economic tradeoffs. This paper develops such a framework by integrating partial cost–benefit analysis with life cycle assessment...

We compare energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with total household expenditures and activities in Canada and US in 1997, the first detailed estimate of environmental burdens for Canadian households. We estimate direct burdens from published government data and indirect...