China is currently establishing a strategic petroleum reserve (SPR) to ensure its energy security. The stated government goal is to build up an SPR equivalent to the amount of 90 days of net oil imports by 2020. To build up an SPR needs a large amount of funds. How to determine the optimal...

The energy security situations of many oil-consuming countries have become worse because of greater uncertainty in the world market. This is especially true for developing countries such as China and India, which face greater risks because of their lack of strategic petroleum reserves (SPRs)....

The US dollar is frequently used as the invoicing currency of international crude oil trading. Hence, the fluctuation in US dollar exchange rate is believed to underlie the volatility of crude oil price and especially its forecasting accuracy. Using econometric techniques including...

Energy, just like labor and capital, is universally acknowledged to be the fundamental production factor and strategic resource of an industrial society. China's sustained rapid economic growth has resulted in its ever-growing energy import dependency, especially oil. Meanwhile, world energy...

From the viewpoint of energy system modelling, this paper systematically analyses energy models developed by various international organisations. Their modelling approaches, functions, modelling structures, as well as their typical applications are reviewed. The review will be helpful for...

Coal is the dominating energy source in China. Although the supply and demand of coal has kept equilibrium along with China's continuous and steady economic development in recent years, the sustainable production ability has been seriously decreasing. In this paper, a system dynamics model is...

Energy efficiency is an important factor in developing energy policies as it represents the extent to which resources support economic output. In recent literature, relevant studies have mainly focused on aggregate energy efficiency, but rarely touched on the marginal efficiency of diverse...

Using Malmquist Index Decomposition, this paper investigates energy efficiency of China's iron and steel sector during the period 1994–2003. Provincial panel data is employed, allowing various energy inputs and product outputs. The energy efficiency improvement is decomposed into two...