This paper proceeds as follows: in the next section we briefly review the experience with the implementation of economic instruments in both OECD countries and developing countries. The types of instruments considered are: pollution taxes/charges, product taxes/charges, deposit-refund schemes,...

The Great Green Wall (GGW) has been advocated as a means of reducing desertification in the Sahel through the planting of a broad continuous band of trees from Senegal to Djibouti. Initially proposed in the 1980s, the plan has received renewed impetus in light of the potential of climate change...

A policy reform such as trade liberalisation can accelerate structural change in an economy, causing an exogenous shift in relative factor demands. For some developing countries, the result may be an increase in skills demand associated with the adoption of newly available foreign technology and...

• Environmental policy should be inspired by the recognition that the environment is everyone’s business; all social actors must be involved in environmental management • Policies that implicitly subsidize a wasteful and environmentally destructive use of resources are pervasive: reforms...

• Early climate-related actions should be those with a high local economic and/or environmental payoff per unit of impact on greenhouse gases. • Energy, transport and natural resource management policies can often be better designed to realise greenhouse gas reductions at little or no...

This study examines a hithertoneglected set of benefits from climate policy,viz., the reduction in emissions of localair pollutants and the associated healthbenefits, in this case for residents ofSantiago de Chile. By using an economy-widemodel, we are able to compare these monetisedbenefits to...

External and internal exigencies (the Asian financial crisis, WTO membership for China; a foreign investment and growth slowdown for Viet Nam) are forcing governments to tackle with new resolve the twin challenges of state enterprise restructuring and financial sector reform. Without stronger...

• En matière de climat, les actions à réaliser en priorité devraient être celles qui offrent un rendement économique ou environnemental élevé par unité d’impact sur les gaz à effet de serre. • Souvent, une meilleure conception des politiques de l’énergie, des transports et de...