We empirically investigate the degree of integration that existed prior to the cost increases that caused emergency conditions in the Western Systems Coordinating Council (WSCC), particularly California, during the summer of 2000. Evidence from Granger causality tests and common features...

Continuous violent conflict is a central cause of economic stagnation in many of the world’s poorest countries. Peace agreements are one common tool used to attempt to break these ‘conflict traps.’ However, these agreements often fail due to the lack of a clear and credible commitment by...

We investigate empirically the influence of homogeneity of populations in fixed geographic jurisdictions on the structure of religious clubs in these same jurisdictions. Using county-level data, we find that variation in the number of religous clubs is influenced strongly by measured...