The slow-to-start models are a classical cellular automata model in simulating vehicle traffic. However, to our knowledge, the slow-to-start effect has not been considered in modeling pedestrian dynamics. We verify the similar behavior between pedestrian and vehicle, and propose an new lattice...

This study examines how information environment and industry concentration affect the relations between firms’ financial disclosure quality and cost of capital. Information environment is proxied by firm size, and industry concentration is proxied by four-firm concentration ratio. The...