This paper presents a statistical analysis confirming the former empirical findings that positive differences between the growth rates of P-Score and Z-score appears in financial statement data of companies involved in major financial fraud. The paper examines firms that engaged in fraud in the...

The vast majority of grey marketing cases are not discovered until the matter is brought before courts of law or arbitrage tribunal. Because of this, it is hard to build the dynamics of an average case and draw conclusions on the phenomenon in general. This paper observes a real life grey...

This paper deals with project finance restructuring in the view of future or present financial distress. We treat the occurrences of negative cash flow and negative NPV as signs of potential project distress. The solutions offered for negative cash flow are (1) restructuring debt thereby making...

Using archival data, this paper presents the results of analyzing a sample of twelve primarily oil and gas, western Canadian energy firms and their use of financial derivatives to manage commodity price risk. The firms range in size from small to large based on total assets. All twelve companies...