We evaluate by means of Monte Carlo simulations the <b>W</b>-based spatial autoregressive model and the structural equation model with latent variables (SEM) to handle two types of simultaneously occurring weak spatial dependence: (i) spillover from a hotspot, and (iia) spillover from first-order,...

A strong increase in the availability of space-time data has occurred during the past decades. This has led to the development of a substantial literature dealing with the two particular problems inherent to this kind of data, i.e. serial dependence between the observations on each spatial unit...

Omitted variables and measurement errors in explanatory variables frequently occur in hedonic price models. Ignoring these problems leads to biased estimators. In this paper, we develop a constrained autoregression–structural equation model (ASEM) to handle both types of problems. Standard...

In this paper we propose a structural equation model (SEM) with latent variables to model spatial dependence. Rather than using the spatial weights matrix <?tf=“t005”>W, we propose to use latent variables to represent spatial dependence and spillover effects, of which the observed spatially lagged...</?tf=“t005”>

Surface water and groundwater are the most important water sources in the natural environment. Land use and seasonal factors play an important role in influencing the quality of these water sources. An in-depth understanding of the role of these two influential factors can help to implement an...

Urban stormwater quality is multifaceted and the use of a limited number of factors to represent catchment characteristics may not be adequate to explain the complexity of water quality response to a rainfall event or site-to-site differences in stormwater quality modelling. This paper presents...

<Para ID="Par1">Urban road surfaces are one of the most important stormwater pollution sources. Asphalt and concrete road surfaces are typical road types in China and have different characteristics such as roughness, textures and infiltration rates. This could lead to differences of collecting and retaining...</para>