investigate the importance of characteristics related to immigration for the labour market position of Turkish immigrants. We use … explained partly by differences in immigration rules. In Germany economic self-reliance is more important than in the …

We examine the ability of male immigrants to transfer the occupational human capital they acquired prior to immigration … skill requirements of pre- and post-immigration occupations. We find that male immigrants to Canada were employed in source … immigration, they find initial employment in occupations that require the opposite. These discrepancies are both larger and more …

immigration are less likely (such as Asia) may be tied to the lack of improvements in immigrant wage outcomes despite the …