This paper summarizes a research project devoted to analyzing the development of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and emerging multinational companies from Visegrád countries: The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. After several years of foreign direct investment inflows to...

The aim of this paper is to shed light on the Polish outward foreign direct investments (OFDIs) with special attention on the growing interest of many Polish companies to expand abroad utilizing equity-based modes of entry. The paper shows that the increase of Polish OFDI in recent years...

The aim of this study was to examine the motives of foreign direct investment (FDI) of Polish enterprises. Our studies have confirmed that the market seeking and – to a lesser extent – resource seeking motives are most important for Polish companies investing abroad. The search for...

The Hungarian economy is highly integrated in global value chains (GVC). Upgrading within GVCs is a key factor of sustaining the initial developmental push GVC participation provides. The article concentrates on R&D-based upgrading opportunities and their practical implementation by...

A strong private equity market is a cornerstone for commercialization and innovation in modern economies. However, substantial differences exist in the relative amounts raised and invested in private equity across European countries. We investigate the macro-determinants of private equity...

While the increased frequency of relocation of productive capacities to lower wage countries from developed economies has given rise to discussions concerning job losses and de-industrialisation, developments in the host countries of relocation have been widely neglected. Hungary, together with...

Presenting a case study of FDI in Hungary, this paper first reviews the characteristics of FDI in Hungary since the outset of transition. It then examines the determinants of FDI in Hungary, finding that early and comprehensive privatisation and the creation of a generally business-friendly...

Hungary became host to various business services through relocations of these activities from other, higher cost locations, especially from Western Europe and through opening up new capacities. Locational advantages determine which countries are chosen as hosts to new or relocated service...

Relocation is a way of reducing costs, thus increasing competitiveness, by splitting production and services between countries. The main argument kindling the relocation debate suggests that moving abroad generates job losses in the home country, while production and job gains appear only in the...