An extension of the Holly and Gardiol (2000) and Baltagi et al. (2009) papers to the two way context, with heteroskedastic and spatially correlated disturbances is considered. One then derives a joint LM test for homoskedasticity and no spatial correlation. In addition, two conditional LM tests...

Commodity price behavior holds much interest not only because these markets are affected by waves of speculative activity similar to security markets but more so that these commodities are linked to industries which purchase them and developing country producers which supply them. Commodity spot...

The purpose of this research has been 1.(1) to examine the similarity in the cost structure of energy sectors in the 86-order input-output tables (1967)2.(2) to examine changes for the periods 1958–1967 and 1967–1968, in energy sector cost structures. This analysis provides information on...

86-order interindustry transactions tables for selected years are used to assess the forward and backward linkage effects of energy sectors, 1958–1970, in the U.S. economy. The magnitude of the linkage effects were obtained by calculating intermediate input and demand coefficients. The crude...

Our purpose is to estimate cost shares and own-land cross-price elasticities of the demand for factors in the production of manufacturing output. To achieve more precise estimates than those of previous researchers, we do not consider energy a single unified input. It is disaggregated instead...

We re-examine the causality between the twin deficits by testing for Granger non-causality between BD and CAD based on extended causality tests initially developed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). Using international data from a sample of twenty developed and developing countries, we find evidence...