Expropriability is the ability of (potential) competitors to extract information about innovation and utilize it to their advantage in a manner that decreases the competitive advantages of the original innovator. It has an effect on the profit margins and, subsequently, on the strategic behavior...

The intensity and directions of knowledge flows between different actors are essential determinants in innovation. Knowledge acquisition is needed to find the relevant signals from markets, and knowledge sharing can facilitate benefits from network externalities and collaboration. A deeper...

Innovations have the potential to create value by generating rents (primary appropriability), or they can be used as background knowledge for further innovations and value creation (generative appropriability). Because these possibilities exist, organisations need to make strategic decisions on...

HRM systems and practices can have a notable impact on a firm’s performance. Employees exchange and co-utilize innovation-generating knowledge, leading often to improvements in the firm’s financial performance, but they may also (unintentionally) give out valuable information. In...

Networked R&D has faced upheaval over the last decade. However, in order to fully benefit from collaboration, firms need to embrace paradoxes that are inherent in R&D networks. We therefore investigate how orchestration (rather than traditional management) of relationships by improving...

This study aims to increase understanding on how relatively vague aggregations of firms can be directed in a manner that facilitates innovation. In particular, we examine promotion of knowledge mobility as a part of innovation network orchestration. Literature review and a case study of an...

The focus of the study is on the determinants of R&D collaboration and their effects on its breadth and depth. Using a sample from an original survey of 193 Finnish firms, we examine the effects of R&D intensity, incoming spillovers, size, specific motives and selected appropriability mechanisms...

The knowledge protection/sharing dilemma related to innovation activities is becoming known to all firms, even though it is generally more notable for SMEs: the small size of the firms inherently creates a need for inter-organizational collaboration, but it also makes dealing with the related...

An important factor facilitating the internationalization of product-oriented companies is an appropriability regime allowing a firm to become the sole or dominant provider of specific products. The challenge for service firms is that many appropriability mechanisms, such as patents, are...