The increased complexity of modern manufacturing has led to uncertainties in production processes. Factors such as unplanned machine maintenance, tool unavailability, and complex process adjustments make it difficult to maintain a predictable level of output. To be effective, an appropriate...

We consider a single-commodity production-inventory supply chain in a supplier–retailer setting with batch production for the supplier, batch ordering for the retailer, and intermediate storage between the supplier and the retailer. These features have been studied in the literature of supply...