Open innovation holds great potential for improving the efficiency of companies' innovation processes, but also presents substantial risks. A key issue in innovation management is finding the right balance of openness, i.e., determining how open companies should be in their innovation...

While the effects of public R&D funding on innovation inputs, outputs and strategies of firms have been studied extensively, little is known about the impact public R&D funding may have on open innovation practices. We made several hypotheses about different effects of public subsidies from the...