This study aims to identify the impact of a preterm birth on financial and emotional burden from the families' perspective. Additionally, a comprehensive schedule of recommendations for a sufficient evaluation of all aspects of burden is developed. Based on the results of a literature search...

The pharmacy sector in many European countries continues to be subject to strict governmental regulations. This consists - depending on the country - of regulations on ownership, business operations, opening hours, personnel, pricing, prohibiting certain sales methods (e.g. mail order), and...

Background: Menopause is a natural physiological event that usually begins in women between the ages of 48 and 55 years. In many cases, this event is associated with unpleasant somatic-vegetative, urogenital or psychological symptoms. Objective: To test the health and social demographic factors...

New industries are evaluated by assessment of their risks and chances. This discussion is highly undifferentiated and controversial in the field of gene technology and genetic engineering. There are a lot of different research approaches that have to be evaluated separately like cloning or...

In recent years the insurance industry has been subject to a deeply structural change. The deregulation of markets in Europe and the globalization of insurance markets let to an intense competition with shrinking gross revenue and benefits. This change led to changes in the management of assets...

Integrated health care is one of the major issues in German health care policy at this moment. This is due to recent changes in social security law, which now allows for direct contracts between providers and statutory health insurances. The changes were enacted in January 2004 and thus far over...

Marked differences in costs between subcutaneous and intravenous therapies were observed. Among the three groups of patients defined by TNF inhibitor treatment, costs for the infliximab group were highest during the year after the index event. </AbstractSection> Copyright Zeidler et al.; licensee Springer. 2012

<Para ID="Par6">Given a sufficient data supply, DES is the modeling technique of choice when modeling cost-effectiveness in RA. Otherwise transparency on the data inputs is crucial for valid results and to inform decision makers about possible biases. With regard to ICERs, Markov models might provide similar...</para>

Because of an elevated serum phosphate level, patients who suffer from chronic kidney failure frequently tend to have cardiovascular calcification and are therefore exposed to a higher probability of a fatal event. Phosphate binders are able to reduce these negative effects. Currently, there are...