Due to membership process, the European Union (EU) is the principal trade partner of Turkey. It has concentrated more than half of its total trade flows with EU countries since the II. World War. However, along with emerging of new markets in Asia, Turkey engaged in developing economic ties with...

Although Turkey has historically concentrated its trade with the European Union (EU) it has diversified its trade markets with the neighbouring regions and different group of countries during the last decade. Among them, Arab countries have come into prominence. Especially, following the...

When Kazakhstan was trying to go out from economic, social and political transition, suddenly faced well-known problems of the oil-rich countries. It is absolutely vital that Kazakhstan evaluate its oil-income for going out from transition and developing itself in accordance with the conditions...