Japanese firms undertake multiple foreign direct investments (FDIs) in the United States. When Japanese firms undertake merger and acquisition (M&A) FDI, they acquire indivisible assets in the United States. To utilize their acquired assets fully, these firms may undertake additional non-M&A...

Better corporate governance can reduce the scope for increasing shareholder value and thus discourage M&A FDI inflows. Sound governance may also discourage non-M&A FDI inflows in light of the complementary relationship between M&A and non-M&A FDI. We use firm-level evidence to empirically...

Merger and acquisition (M&A) is a mechanism for promoting corporate governance suggesting that an improvement in overall corporate governance may have a negative effect on M&A activity. Since M&A foreign direct investment (FDI) is a cross-border variant of M&A, stronger corporate governance may...

We use a bivariate zero-inflated negative binomial model to examine Japanese merger and acquisition (M&A) FDI jointly with other types of Japanese FDI (or non-M&A FDI) into the United States. We find that for firms likely to engage in FDI, their rates of FDI are affected by the financial health...

We use data on 317 Japanese firms to examine the effect of relative access to credit and relative wealth on the Japanese firm’s rate of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the United States. Using the zero-inflated negative binomial model, we find that multiple rating downgrades of a firm’s...

We examine the impact of exchange rates on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into the United States in the context of a model that allows for the interdependence of FDI over time. Interdependence is modeled as a two-state Markov process where the two states can be interpreted as either a...

Merger and acquisition (M&A) is a mechanism for promoting corporate governance. This suggests that an improvement in overall corporate governance may have a negative effect on M&A activity. Since M&A foreign direct investment (FDI) is a cross-border variant of M&A, we use firm-level data to...

The paper examines the impact of exchange rates on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into the United States in the context of a model that allows for the interdependence of FDI over time. Interdependence is modeled as a two-state Markov process where the two states can be interpreted as...

There are four major modes through which firms undertake foreign direct investment (FDI): merger and acquisition (M&A), joint venture, new plant, and others. The four modes of FDI are distinct from each other, and each has its own unique advantages and disadvantages. While a large and growing...