We develop and test a robust procedure for extracting an underlying signal in form of a time-varying trend from very noisy time series. The application we have in mind is online monitoring data measured in intensive care, where we find periods of relative constancy, slow monotonic trends, level...

We examine the hypothesis of an increase of humus disintegration by analyzing chemical substances measured in the seepage water of a German forest. Problems arise because of a large percentage of missing observations. We use a regression model with spatial and temporal effects constructed in an...