Participating in agri-environmental schemes (AES) induces transaction costs for farmers, originating from time and money spent on tasks related to participation. High transaction costs may inhibit scheme participation, which would endanger the environmental goals aspired. To date, farmers'...

Implementing agri-environmental schemes (AES) induces private and public transaction costs (TCs). To date, research has investigated TCs stemming from the relationship between (regional) administrations and farmers. However, implementing AES within the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)...