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Directive on Payment Services (PSD "Payment Services Directive") applicable in the European Union (EU) and European Economic …
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We use a variant of the Hotelling (1929) model to illustrate that, when a firm faces hard payment constraint(s), financially strong rivals may adopt predatory strategies to drive the firm out of the product market and hence to obtain extra profit from enhanced market power later on. Predation is...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011259676
density (PSD) of pavement surface fluctuation. Quarter-car models recommended by the World Bank for measuring pavement … represent the IRI in terms of PSD roughness. It is found that if PSD roughness is expressed as a polynomial function, the IRI … can be simply calculated by means of the square root of the sum of the weighted regression coefficients of PSD roughness …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010750126
The objective of the pan-European regulatory and self-regulatory work related to the creation of the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) is to improve the efficiency of low-value payments (i.e. retail payments) by establishing a common legal framework and the application of standards. Among the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005357938
The evolution of retail payments, stimulated by the new European regulation, by competition and innovation, leads banks …
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The Payment Services Directive (PSD) and the Electronic Money Directive 2(EMD2) have made significant changes in the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011157768
This paper considers the optimal taxation of transactions services in a dynamic general equilibrium setting, where households use both cash and costly transactions services provided by banks to purchase consumption goods. With a full set of all tax instruments, the optimal tax structure is...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011186211