-European super-grid. However, this view neglects i) the factual heterogeneity of European energy policies in terms of harmonization … and centralization, ii) economic arguments in favor of decentralization and iii) legal as well as political …-economic obstacles against centralization of decision making. In this vain, we point out that a plea for a stronger role of the EU needs …

The paper tries to shed some light on the problems of centralization and decentralization within an economic union and …

This paper analyses policy centralization outcomes in a two-jurisdiction model of public good provision choices with … referendum and representative democracy. We show that policy centralization is more likely to occur if the choice to centralize … preferred level of the jurisdiction that least favours centralization, rather than to a compromise between the two jurisdictions …

standard-setting with two means of interventionist harmonization: through centralization and through allocation of lawmaking …We study the desirability of interventionist harmonization of legal standards across multiple, mutually interdependent … delineating the scope for, and the appropriate means of, interventionist harmonization. We find that greater jurisdictional …

We propose and test a positive model of fiscal federalism in which centralization is less likely to occur in … jurisdictions with referendum decisions on policy cen-tralization. Citizens choose centralization of public spending and revenue in … representative democracy, centralization is ineffi-ciently high because representatives can extract political rents by policy …

We propose and test a positive model of fiscal federalism in which centralization is less likely to occur in … jurisdictions with referendum decisions on policy centralization. Citizens choose centralization of public spending and revenue in … representative democracy, centralization is inefficiently high because representatives can extract political rents by policy …

federalism in which centralization is less likely to occur where budget referendums are possible. The reason for this result is … that budget referendums reduce the extent to which pro-centralization regions can commit to a low level of spending … delegating the centralization choice to elected poli-cymakers. In addition, it reduces the ability of higher level policy …

transboundary and countries are identical in every way. Harmonization effectively internalizes the transboundary aspects of … regulation to examine these competing effects. We find that whether harmonization makes politically motivated governments prefer …