We respond to repeated calls over the years to further develop cluster theory specifically in an African context. Our contribution is to construct a framework which integrates theories focusing on path dependency, transaction cost economics (efficiency and systemic interdependency models) and...

US institutional investors include asset classes in their portfolio for a number of reasons, including wanting to conform with industry norms, participate in a significant component of the investable universe, earn favorable returns, diversify the portfolio and provide a natural hedge against...

Starting with a complete lack of modern specified office property in 1990, the skylines of Warsaw, Prague and Budapest have undergone rapid transformations since the countries emerged from centrally-planned, command economic systems. In roughly 13 years time, real estate developers and builders...

Investors look at several factors when deciding whether or not to add an asset class to a mixed portfolio. This document outlines arguments as applied to global real estate securities and provides comments relative to the implications for mixed asset portfolio construction.

Out-of-context analysis of water resources systems can result in unsustainable management strategies. To address this problem, systems thinking seeks to understand interactions among the subsystems driving a system’s overall behavior. System dynamics, a method for operationalizing systems...

This study addresses issues of social or environmental justice in local urban environmental services, through the particular lens of street cleaning services. While UK policy gives some legitimacy to the idea that services should be enhanced in disadavantaged areas, it is unclear how much...

There has been growing interest in the impact of land-use regulation and planning on housing development and markets, and a consequent search for quantified measures of their extent and efficacy. Nevertheless, despite the UK having a long-established and comprehensive planning system, this kind...