The large deviation of the actual return of a leveraged exchange-traded fund (LETF) from the leveraged multiple of the underlying index return has drawn considerable attention from investors, regulators, and the financial media. Despite this attention, the sources and fundamental determinants of...

Using the longest history of a U.S. equity market index, this paper simulates the return deviation and multiple deviation for Leveraged Exchange-Traded Products (LETPs) with different rebalancing frequencies, including daily, monthly, annually, and every five years, over various holding periods....

This study examines the tracking performance of U.S.-traded International Leveraged Exchanged-traded Funds (ILETFs) that track the following markets: Brazil, China, Europe, Japan, and Mexico. We find that the beta and returns of these ILETFs can deviate dramatically from their naïve expected...

This article examines the tracking performance of the United States-listed Guggenheim China Real Estate Exchange-Traded Fund (NYSE ticker: TAO) relative to its underlying benchmark index (Alphashare China Real Estate Index, ACNRET) and the actual China Home Price Index (CHPI). The daily return...

This paper investigates the optimality of stock option grants to Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) by examining a set of S&P 500 companies around the passage of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act (SOX). I find that stock option grants to non-founding-family CEOs decreased dramatically after the passage of...

China’s economy has been growing rapidly since the late 1970s and is expected to maintain this momentum in the foreseeable future. Coupled with the biggest population in the world, there is tremendous growth potential for China’s capital markets and financial services industry,...

Using a bivariate, asymmetric generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model, we examine the patterns of information flows for three financial futures contracts that are dual‐listed on U.S. and Asian markets (i.e., Nikkei 225 Index, Eurodollar, and dollar–yen currency...

The globalization of capital flow has resulted in an increasing number of firms choosing to cross-list their stocks in foreign stock exchanges to raise public equity capital abroad, and more recently, the booming of venture capital (VC) inflow to developing nations to finance the start-ups and...