International examples clearly demonstrate that a high level of social policy does not necessarily correlate with slow growth rates. Empirical literature shows that incentives of social policy measures that lead to a growth-enhancing education, research and development policy are of utmost...

In an EU-wide comparison, Austria's overall labour market performance is fairly strong. The employment-to-population ratio is high. Unemployment, income inequality, and at-risk-of-poverty rate are at a rather low level. However, while employment stability is high for the core workforce, there is...

Compared to eight other European countries (Belgium, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Finland, Sweden, UK), Austria's labour market performance is better than average. In 2008, a higher-than-average share of the working-age population (15 to 64 years) had jobs and the share of the...

For the last ten years, the Austrian labour market has been characterised by an increasing number of legal changes, especially in the area of social security law, leading to a diversification of labour market forms. Seen in a European context, the various structures encompassing the labour...

Over the last decade Italy has seen a strong increase in the number of workers on the border between self-employment and employment. Depending on the data source the “parasubordinati”, i.e. workers with a “contract of continuous collaboration” (collaborators) represented between 1.8%...

The number of workers on the border between self-employment and employment strongly increased across Europe over the last decade. This paper investigates whether and in what respect these workers differ from employees and self-employed and analyses whether these work relationships are a stepping...

The number of workers on the border between self-employment and employment has strongly increased across Europe over the last decade. This paper investigates whether and in what respect these workers differ from employees and self-employed, and analyses whether these work relationships are a...

We observe that economic restructuring is significantly changing organizational governance. On the one hand, we witness an increase in mergers & acquisitions, which substitutes markets for hierarchies and, on the other hand, we see an increase in outsourcing and subcontracting activities,...

Die Transformation hierarchischer betrieblicher Steuerung in relationalen Vertrags- und Tauschbeziehungen hat in vielen europaeischen Laendern zu einer Zunahme abhaengiger Selbstaendigkeit gefuehrt. Aufgrund des Graubereichs zwischen selbstaendiger und unselbstaendiger Beschaeftigung stellen...

We analyse the characteristics of workers who provide work on the basis of a civil or commercial contract, but who are dependent on or integrated into the firm for which they work. We argue that these dependent self-employed lose their rights under labour law, receive less favourable benefits...