This study demonstrates quantitatively the degree to which uncertainty originates from the revision of data inherent in the real-time estimation of the Japan's equilibrium real interest rate (ERR). It also presents some attempts to reduce that uncertainty. Results show that markedly high...

This article presents reconsideration of whether the monetary policy in the late 1980s was delayed. No report in the literature describes studies evaluating past monetary policy using the model-consistent latent variable from Bayesian estimation. No delay of monetary policy can be found.