This study proposes a bilevel programming model in which the supply chain (SC) director determines optimal performance levels of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and compensation for all SC actors, thus maximizing total SC profits. Given the fixed CSR performance levels, the equilibrium...

This paper addresses a variation of pickup and delivery problems, named the paired many-to-many pickup and delivery problem (PMPDP), which has never been formally classified in the literature. Given “paired” demands between customer nodes, the PMPDP is to find a set of feasible vehicle...

In this article, a discrete non-linear mathematical programming model with a variational inequality constraint is proposed to determine road tolls and time-varying congestion tolls for a freeway electronic toll collection system under a build-operate-transfer arrangement. An interdependent...

Due to the social and environmental impacts of industrial activities in supply chains, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become critical for many international companies. This paper aims to integrate CSR into supply chain coordination. A new revenue sharing contract embedding corporate...

This paper formulates a discrete-time, link-based dynamic user-optimal route choice problem using the variational inequality approach. The proposed model complies with the dynamic user-optimal equilibrium condition in which for each origin-destination pair, the actual travel time experienced by...

This paper evaluates the profit of coordination between manufacturers on corporate social responsibility (CSR) under network equilibrium. A three-tier supply chain network with multiple manufacturers, distributors, and retailers is considered, and several mathematical models are established to...

In this article, the real-time time-dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows is formulated as a series of mixed integer programming models that account for real-time and time-dependent travel times, as well as for real-time demands in a unified framework. In addition to vehicles...

This paper investigates inventory control policies in a manufacturing/remanufacturing system during the product life cycle, which consists of four phases: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. Both demand rate and return rate of products are random variables with normal distribution; the...