Land subsidence is presented in many factors in different areas with urbanization. Internal soil erosion, owing to pumping confined groundwater during the deep foundation pit construction, has contributed to land subsidence. Four governing equations are presented to describe the process of...

Fuel stratification has the potential to extend the high load limits of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion by improving the control over the combustion phase as well as reducing the maximum rate of pressure rise. In this work, experiments were carried out on a...

For in-cylinder fuel mixture distribution measurement, a method for designing a multi-component fuel for planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) experiments is developed based on thermal gravity analysis and vapor-liquid equilibrium calculation. The goal is to create fuel that has a volatility...

Internal exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is an effective strategy to reduce pumping loss and improve fuel economy using mixture dilution than traditional external EGR. In this paper, the internal EGR was obtained by exhaust gas trap (EGT) using the negative valve overlap (NVO) method. The...

This paper proposes a measure for the level of internationalization of a currency. It is based on the relative share of price discovery, termed the information share, in overnight offshore markets. I show that the overnight offshore markets play an increasingly important role in determining the...