patents; however, most patent databases contain no information on whether patents have been commercialized, i.e., whether … innovations have been introduced in the market. This paper applies a new method to identify innovations in patent databases by … commercialization variables. For this purpose, I use a unique database on Swedish patents that includes information on whether patents …

commercialization activities of universities. Shortcomings of the traditional linear model of technology transfer include inaccuracies … overemphasis on patents—and inadequacies—such as failing to account for informal mechanisms of technology transfer, failing to …

detailed database of Swedish patents, I utilize a survival model to estimate how commercialization influences the patent … of the patent. With regard to commercialization modes, there is some evidence licensed patents and patents commercialized … commercialization of inventions. If the patent holder commercializes his invention, he has stronger incentives to retain the patent. The …

The commercialization of inventions is an investment, similar to spending on plant and equipment, and accordingly we … would expect it to be affected by macroeconomic conditions. Using data on the commercialization activity from over 4000 … inventors, we find evidence that macroeconomic conditions have a pro-cyclical affect on commercialization activities. However …

liberalisation; strengthening competition in markets for goods and services; education, research and innovation. Progress is also …’éducation, la recherche et l’innovation. Des progrès sont également requis dans d’autres domaines, notamment pour promouvoir des …

determining economic well-being. Unfortunately, economic theory has been of little help in providing straightforward advice for … optimal patent policy. …

This paper analyzes the effects of different sources of R&D funding and patent office attributes on the patenting … influenced by patent office attributes. The state level analysis sheds light on the differing role of the federal government as …

innovation during a certain period of time. The patent holder therefore faces the typical commitment problem of the durable …A patent provides its holder the monopolist's right to sell licenses that allow the use of new knowledge or an …

appropriation. 2)For both product and process innovations, patents are the least effective means of appropriation. In general … innovations lead time, and for product innovations, superior sales and service efforts are viewed as the most effective means of …, patents are viewed by R&D managers as an effective means of protecting the competitive advantages of new technolgy in the …

The main purpose in this paper is to study to what extent accessibility to R&D can explain patent production. Therefore … of the knowledge production is the number patent applications in Swedish municipalities from 1994 to 1999. In order to … often is the case with R&D outputs, the regional distribution of patents is highly skewed with influential outliers. The …