Au XIX e siècle, les journaux publient, jour après jour, le cours des rentes, puis dans la seconde moitié du siècle, de certaines actions ; à la fin de chaque année, on prend l'habitude d'indiquer à l'épargnant le cours le plus haut et le cours le plus bas pour chaque mois de l'année...

En Algérie, peu d’études empiriques se sont focalisées sur le processus de l’innovation dans les PME pouvant expliquer l’implication de ces entreprises dans ce processus, les phénomènes susceptibles d’influer sur leur capacité à innover, et les obstacles qui entravent le...

The failure in 1697 of the 'Malt Lottery', the second Lottery-Loan, presents a beautiful case study. From a practical point of view, it tells us three things. 1) The technical features of the English State lotteries-loan were established for more than a century after only three experiments. 2)...

After a long period of state control of the telecommunication market, one has seen its opening, which has led to a multiplication of phone houses in Nouakchott. The management of these companies associates, with important elements of rationality, other more problematic behavior. Two sample...

This paper deals with the problematic of emergence using the tools and conceptual framework of knowledge economics. Emerging countries are able to sustain long lasting periods of rapid growth without deteriorating their external position. It means that they can supply on the world market goods,...

Eastern Europe economies enjoyed in the past a rather important level of scientific and technological activity. This level is declining because of the scarcity of financial resources, but there still are capacities even if they are ill organised and directed. In this context there is room for...

Since Independence, formal banking institutions in West Africa have been unable to reach the majority of micro and small entrepreneurs, as well as the household sector. In addition, many of them have suffered financial troubles or failed. At the same time, cooperative savings and credit networks...