In order to analyze the optimal degree of privatizing an upstream public firm, this paper sets up a vertically related market that consists of an upstream mixed oligopoly with one public firm and m private firms and a downstream oligopoly with n private firms. The major findings of this paper...

We develop a mixed oligopoly model with one public firm and two private firms to explore the licensing strategy considered by the innovated private firm. The major findings of our paper are that: firstly, if the patentee licenses the public firm under some plausible parametric range, the public...

In a seminal paper, <link rid="b3">Eaton and Grossman (1986)</link> conclude that an export tax is optimal if firms produce heterogeneous products and engage in Bertrand price competition. In particular, they made a comment that could be interpreted to mean that even in the case of a homogeneous product, the optimal...

This paper shows that optimal trade policies for vertically related markets depend crucially on production technology. By employing a production function with variable-coefficient technology, it shows that return to scale is crucial in determining the direction of government intervention....

With uncertain scope of patent protection and incomplete enforcement, the effective strength of patent protection is determined by the legal system. We analyze how the legal system effects the incentives of firms to innovate, taking into account possibilities of strategic licensing and...

Antitrust authorities consider commodity bundling as an extension of monopoly power to other markets which harms consumers. This paper analyzes quality competition and its effect on consumer surplus for the case of commodity bundling by a multi-product firm in a vertically differentiated...

Using the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) model, we estimate total-factor energy efficiency (TFEE) scores for 47 regions across Japan during 1996–2008. We extend the cross-sectional SFA model proposed by Zhou et al. (Applied Energy, 2012) to panel data models and add environmental...

Using the stochastic frontier analysis model, we estimate TFEE (total-factor energy efficiency) scores for 47 regions across Japan during the years 1996–2008. We extend the cross-sectional stochastic frontier model proposed by Zhou et al. (2012) to panel data models and add environmental...

type="main" xml:lang="en" <title type="main">ABSTRACT</title> <p>It is common sense that refill packs can increase the repeated use of durable goods, reduce resource waste and be conducive to environmental protection. However, their existence also has an economic effect. For instance, we find that the profit of a...</p>