This paper articulates the hypothesis that there is an optimal size of knowledge pools. Too little a density of innovation activities reduces the accessibility of external knowledge. Too large a density enhances congestion and reduces appropriateness. Firms can benefit from actual increasing...

The coevolution of technological and organizational change shapes modernization in mature industries. Only large, vertically integrated, managerial firms can bear the delays between the adoption of new information technologies and their positive effects on productivity growth. A feature of the...