This research proposes that, in cases where threshold covariates are either unavailable or difficult to observe, practitioners should treat these characteristics as latent, and use simulated maximum likelihood techniques to control for them. Two econometric frameworks for doing so in a more...

We extend the discrete data latent class literature by explicitly defining a latent variable for class membership as a function of both observables and unobservables, thereby allowing the equations defining the class membership and observed outcomes to be correlated. The procedure is then...

Latent class, or finite mixture, modelling has proved a very popular, and relatively easy, way of introducing much-needed heterogeneity into empirical models right across the social sciences. The technique involves (probabilistically) splitting the population into a finite number of (relatively...

It has been proposed that cross-country comparisons of the technical efficiency of health production, estimated using data envelopment analysis (DEA), have useful applications for policy makers. In theory such an analysis utilizes measures of the socioeconomic determinants of health relevant to...

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The World Health Report 2000 focuses on the performance of health-care systems around the globe. The report uses efficiency measurement techniques to create a league table of health-care systems, highlighting good and bad performers. Efficiency is measured using panel data methods. This paper...

Objective To determine if obese patients have longer average length of stay once they are admitted to hospital, across a range of specialties. This contributes to measuring the impact of obesity on health care resource use. Data Sources/Study Setting Administrative hospital data are used for the...