Operation and maintenance (O&M) service contracts for water and sewer systems have increased considerably in the United States over the last 20 years. Successful O&M contract establishment requires a reasonable estimation of the O&M service contract coupled with a reliable risk-hedging...

The clean development mechanism (CDM) provides a way of assisting sustainable development in developing countries for developed countries to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Despite its intended benefits, the primary CDM market decreased from US$5.8 billion in 2006 to US$1.5 billion in...

Emission trading has been considered a primary policy tool for emission reduction. Governments establish national targets for emission reduction and assign emission reduction goals to private entities to accomplish the targets. To attain the goal, private entities should perform offset projects...

Valuation of infrastructure systems under climate change is a challenging issue because climate changes constantly and the influence of climate change is hardly predictable. Serious climate change effects can often be represented by frequent heavy rainfall events and floods. In response,...

The very nature of their position requires superiors to engage in behavior that may have adverse consequences on subordinates. Such deportment might harm the individual (employee) yet enhance the overall good of the organization. Researchers in organizational behavior refer to supervisor...

In the building and construction sector, most efforts related to sustainable development have concentrated on the environmental performance of the operation of buildings and infrastructure. However, several studies have called for the need to mitigate the considerable environmental impacts,...