With the development of distributed generation (DG) technologies and the implementation of policies to encourage their applications, building combined heat and power (BCHP) is expected to play a greater role in the commercial buildings in the future. BCHP is a promising efficiency improvement...

In this paper, a linear programming model has been developed for the design and evaluation of biomass energy system, while taking into consideration demand side characteristics. The objective function to be minimized is the total annual cost of the energy system for a given customer equipped...

The design and operation of distributed energy resource (DER) systems are greatly dependent upon the atmospheric conditions, which may determine available natural energy resources on the supply side and local energy requirements on the demand side. In this study, the feasible DER systems for...

The implementation of an energy service company (ESCO) project in developing countries may result not only in reduced energy cost but also in considerable environmental benefits, including the reduction of CO2 emissions, which can be assessed in an economic manner under the Clean Development...

In the last decade, technological innovations and a changing economic and regulatory environment have resulted in a renewed interest for distributed energy resources (DER). However, because of the lack of a suitable design tool, the expected potential of DER penetration is not always exerted...

Along with the continuing global warming, the environmental constraints are expected to play more and more important role in the operation of distributed energy resource (DER) systems, besides the economic objective. In this study, a multi-objective optimization model is developed to analyze the...

Evaluation of sustainable residential energy system is complex process, in which not only the economic aspect, but also the energetic and environmental effects should be taken into consideration. In this paper, an integrated design and evaluation model has been developed, by combing linear...

Traditional energy planning methods emphasize the total energy supply equaling to the total demand and neglect details of the distribution in energy demand and supply within a region or city. An improved two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method is developed to reflect internal...

This study estimates the elasticities of substitution for China from 1953 to 2006 by the two-level constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function with three factor inputs: capital stock, labor and energy. A technological change rate and non-constant returns to scale are under...

This paper analyzes the effect of applying a combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system in two types of buildings: residential and office buildings in Dalian, China. The CCHP system configuration was optimized by adding an air-conditioning system (AC) and a heat storage tank (HST) in each...